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A flight surgeon is a military medical officer practicing in the clinical field variously known as aviation medicine, aerospace medicine, or flight medicine. (Although the term "flight surgery" is considered improper by purists, it may occasionally be encountered.〔Department of the Army, Army Regulation 616–110, ''Selection, Training, Utilization, and Career Guidance for Army Medical Corps Officers as Flight Surgeons'', 19 March 1986, page 4. The "Glossary" (II, "Terms" ) of this official Army regulation defines "Flight Surgery" as "A nonexistent term". It also distinguishes "Flight Medicine" as a specialty practiced by USAF flight surgeons, whereas "Aviation Medicine" is one practiced by US Army flight surgeons.〕) Flight surgeons are physicians (MDs or DOs) who serve as the primary care physicians for a variety of military aviation personnel on special duty status — e.g., pilots, Naval Flight Officers, navigators/Combat Systems Officers, astronauts, air traffic controllers, UAV operators and other aircrew members, both officer and enlisted. In addition to serving as primary care for military members on special duty status and their families, the U.S. Department of Defense uses flight surgeons for a variety of other tasks. Flight medicine is essentially a form of occupational medicine and flight surgeons are tasked with the responsibility of maintaining the military's strict medical standards, especially the even stricter standards that apply to those on flying, controlling or jump (airborne) status. In the U.S military, flight surgeons are trained to fill general public health and occupational and preventive medicine roles, and are only infrequently "surgeons" in an operating theater sense. Flight surgeons are typically rated aviators on flight status (i.e., they log flight hours in military aircraft as a crewmember), but are not required to be rated or licensed pilots, naval flight officers, or navigators/CSOs. They may be called upon to provide medical consultation as members of an investigation board into a military or NASA aviation or spaceflight mishap. Occasionally, they may serve to provide in-flight care to patients being evacuated via aeromedical evacuation, either fixed wing or rotary wing. The civilian equivalent of the flight surgeon is the Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). Some civilian AMEs have training similar to that of military flight surgeons, and some are either retired military flight surgeons or actively serving flight surgeons in a military Reserve Component. ==History== The origins of flight medicine date back to the earliest scientific discoveries of gas laws and the makeup of earth's atmosphere. As the history of aviation proceeded from lighter-than-air balloons to fixed wing controlled flight, the discipline of medicine and physiology remained one step behind each technological advance. Physicians and physiologists, such as John Jeffries and Paul Bert, conducted experiments on humans in flight and documented the body's response to these physiologic stressors. However, it would not be until aviation was first used in war that the office of the flight surgeon would be created. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「flight surgeon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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